As a result, in each case, an attempt should be made to identify the mushroom. 1,2 However, even the most feared of all, Amanita phalloides (the "death cap"), has been found growing in urban yards.
Of the 5,000-10,000 species of mushrooms in North America, only about 100 are toxic, and only about 10 species are considered deadly. At the outset it should be stressed that in any given mushroom ingestion, the odds are in favor of a benign outcome unless the patient was intent upon suicide. In this review of mushroom toxicity and poisoning, the authors provide a logical framework for approaching the patient with possible toxic mushroom ingestion. For example, is gastric decontamination warranted for the toddler who took a bite of the little brown mushroom ("LBM") found on the lawn? What is a logical approach to the teenager who thought he ingested a hallucinogenic psilocybe mushroom, but who is instead stricken with profuse vomiting and diarrhea two hours later? What type of treatment and referral is warranted for the mushroom forager who presents with delayed hepatotoxicity following ingestion of freshly picked field mushrooms? Many issues must be considered depending upon the patient’s age, site of contamination, and presenting symptoms. Proper medical care of a patient who has ingested a wild mushroom that may be toxic can seem like a daunting task for the emergency physician. Jones, MD, Associate Professor and Research Director, Spectrum Health/Michigan State University Program in Emergency Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI. Wilhelm, MD, FACEP, Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine and Residency Director, University of Texas-Houston Department of Emergency Medicine.
Mushroom Ingestion and Toxicity: Toxin Identification, Patient Assessment, and Administration of Life-Saving AntidotesĪuthor: Ginger W.
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